Microbial Life History by Steven A. Frank;

Author:Steven A. Frank; [Frank;, Steven A.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780691231198
Publisher: Princeton UP
Published: 2022-06-28T00:00:00+00:00

An enzyme can have many hundreds of amino acids. Phosphorylation or similar covalent modification typically changes only one small molecular group on one amino acid. Altering flux by enzyme modification is much faster and less costly than altering enzyme concentration through protein production and degradation pathways.

Eukaryotes rapidly adjust enzymes by kinase-phosphatase pairs or by other modifications.189 Several studies suggest that prokaryotes also regulate flux via enzyme modification.56,158,232

Enzyme modification gains the benefits of speed and relatively low cost. However, small modifications typically cannot provide the level of enzymatic specificity and efficiency achieved by a custom enzyme for a specific task. Different challenges acting over different timescales likely favor different mechanisms for controlling reaction flux.100

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